diff --git a/src/material/items/MaterialMoney.ts b/src/material/items/MaterialMoney.ts
index 161c03d..ae4b490 100644
--- a/src/material/items/MaterialMoney.ts
+++ b/src/material/items/MaterialMoney.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,17 @@ import { ItemEntry, MaterialBase } from './MaterialBase'
 import { MaterialItem } from './MaterialItem'
 import { MaterialMutator } from './MaterialMutator'
 
+/**
+ * Option that controls preventive consolidation when gaining money.
+ * - `true`: always consolidate the gain.
+ * - predicate: consolidate only when it returns true. The predicate is evaluated against the items that *would* be
+ *   present at the location if the gain were performed without consolidation, and decides whether to use the
+ *   consolidated path instead.
+ */
+export type ConsolidateOption<P extends number = number, L extends number = number, Unit extends number = number> =
+  | boolean
+  | ((items: MaterialItem<P, L, Unit>[]) => boolean)
+
 /**
  * This subclass of {@link MaterialBase} is design to handle counting and moving Money with different units: coins of 5 and 1 for instance.
  * It also keeps track of how much money is left after spending moves are create so that it is easy to spend money multiple time at once,
@@ -67,14 +78,27 @@ export class MaterialMoney<P extends number = number, M extends number = number,
   }
 
   /**
-   * Create an amount of Money and put it in given location
+   * Create an amount of Money and put it in given location.
+   *
+   * When `consolidate` is set, the gain is *preventively* consolidated: instead of creating coins for the
+   * gained amount and then breaking lower-value coins back into a higher one, the moves are computed directly
+   * as deltas from the current state to the optimal distribution of (current + amount). Fewer moves, same final state.
    * @param amount Amount to gain
    * @param location The location to filter material onto, and to create new items in
+   * @param options Per-call options. `consolidate` triggers a preventive consolidation of the location during the gain.
+   *   When a predicate is given, it is evaluated against the items that *would* result from a non-consolidated gain.
    * @returns the moves that need to be played to perform the operation
    */
-  addMoney(amount: number, location: Location<P, L>): ItemMove<P, M, L>[] {
+  addMoney(amount: number, location: Location<P, L>, options: { consolidate?: ConsolidateOption<P, L, Unit> } = {}): ItemMove<P, M, L>[] {
     if (amount === 0) return []
     if (amount < 0) return this.removeMoney(-amount, location)
+    if (this.shouldConsolidateOnGain(amount, location, options.consolidate)) {
+      return this.gainConsolidated(amount, location)
+    }
+    return this.gainNaive(amount, location)
+  }
+
+  private gainNaive(amount: number, location: Location<P, L>): ItemMove<P, M, L>[] {
     const moves: ItemMove<P, M, L>[] = []
     const gainMap = this.getGainMap(amount)
     for (const unit of this.units) {
@@ -86,6 +110,24 @@ export class MaterialMoney<P extends number = number, M extends number = number,
     return moves
   }
 
+  private gainConsolidated(amount: number, location: Location<P, L>): ItemMove<P, M, L>[] {
+    this.applyPendingMoves()
+    const localMoney = this.location(l => isEqual(l, location))
+    const newDist = this.getGainMap(localMoney.count + amount)
+    const moves: ItemMove<P, M, L>[] = []
+    for (const unit of this.units) {
+      const current = localMoney.id(unit).getQuantity()
+      const delta = newDist[unit] - current
+      if (delta < 0) {
+        moves.push(localMoney.id(unit).deleteItem(-delta))
+      } else if (delta > 0) {
+        moves.push(localMoney.createItem({ id: unit, location, quantity: delta }))
+      }
+    }
+    this.pendingMoves.push(...moves)
+    return moves
+  }
+
   /**
    * Remove an amount of Money from given location
    * @param amount Amount to spend
@@ -113,7 +155,12 @@ export class MaterialMoney<P extends number = number, M extends number = number,
   }
 
   /**
-   * Move an amount of money from a place to another place. It searches after the easiest way to do it, making money with the bank only if necessary.
+   * Move an amount of money from a place to another place.
+   *
+   * The moves are always optimised: both origin and target end up in their canonical (highest-denomination-first)
+   * distribution, and any opportunity for a direct exchange between origin and target is taken before falling back
+   * on the bank. For example, if origin holds a single 5 and owes 2 to a target holding 3×1, origin gives the 5
+   * directly and the target returns 3×1, instead of breaking the 5 against the bank first.
    * @param origin Location to remove money from
    * @param target Location to move money to
    * @param amount Amount of money to transfer
@@ -126,45 +173,89 @@ export class MaterialMoney<P extends number = number, M extends number = number,
     const moves: ItemMove<P, M, L>[] = []
     const originMoney = this.location(l => isEqual(l, origin))
     const targetMoney = this.location(l => isEqual(l, target))
+
     const originDelta = originMoney.getSpendMap(amount)
-    const targetDelta = targetMoney.getGainMap(amount)
+    const newTargetDist = this.getGainMap(targetMoney.count + amount)
+    const targetDelta = mapValues(keyBy(this.units), (unit: Unit) => newTargetDist[unit] - targetMoney.id(unit).getQuantity())
+
+    // Direct exchanges between origin and target before resorting to the bank.
     for (const unit of this.units) {
-      if (originDelta[unit] < 0) {
-        while (targetDelta[unit] < -originDelta[unit]) { // try to make money for 1 unit with lower units
-          const lowerUnits = this.units.slice(this.units.indexOf(unit) + 1)
-          const targetResultDelta = targetMoney.getSpendMap(unit)
-          const valueSpent = sumBy(lowerUnits, unit => -targetResultDelta[unit] * unit)
-          if (valueSpent === unit && lowerUnits.every(lowerUnit => targetResultDelta[lowerUnit] < 0)) {
-            targetDelta[unit]++
-            for (const lowerUnit of lowerUnits) {
-              targetDelta[lowerUnit] += targetResultDelta[lowerUnit]
-            }
-          } else break
-        }
-        const moveAmount = Math.min(-originDelta[unit], targetDelta[unit])
-        targetDelta[unit] -= moveAmount
-        const originMaterialUnit = originMoney.id(unit)
-        if (moveAmount > 0) {
-          moves.push(originMaterialUnit.moveItem(target, moveAmount))
-        }
-        if (moveAmount < -originDelta[unit]) {
-          moves.push(originMaterialUnit.deleteItem(-originDelta[unit] - moveAmount))
-        }
-      } else if (originDelta[unit] > 0) {
-        if (targetDelta[unit] < 0) {
-          moves.push(targetMoney.id(unit).moveItem(origin, -targetDelta[unit]))
-        } else {
-          moves.push(originMoney.createItem({ id: unit, location: origin, quantity: originDelta[unit] }))
-        }
+      if (originDelta[unit] < 0 && targetDelta[unit] > 0) {
+        const transfer = Math.min(-originDelta[unit], targetDelta[unit])
+        moves.push(originMoney.id(unit).moveItem(target, transfer))
+        originDelta[unit] += transfer
+        targetDelta[unit] -= transfer
+      } else if (originDelta[unit] > 0 && targetDelta[unit] < 0) {
+        const transfer = Math.min(originDelta[unit], -targetDelta[unit])
+        moves.push(targetMoney.id(unit).moveItem(origin, transfer))
+        originDelta[unit] -= transfer
+        targetDelta[unit] += transfer
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Residuals balanced through the bank.
+    for (const unit of this.units) {
+      if (originDelta[unit] > 0) {
+        moves.push(originMoney.createItem({ id: unit, location: origin, quantity: originDelta[unit] }))
+      } else if (originDelta[unit] < 0) {
+        moves.push(originMoney.id(unit).deleteItem(-originDelta[unit]))
       }
       if (targetDelta[unit] > 0) {
         moves.push(targetMoney.createItem({ id: unit, location: target, quantity: targetDelta[unit] }))
+      } else if (targetDelta[unit] < 0) {
+        moves.push(targetMoney.id(unit).deleteItem(-targetDelta[unit]))
+      }
+    }
+
+    this.pendingMoves.push(...moves)
+    return moves
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Consolidate the money at a location: exchange lower-value coins for higher-value ones so that the location holds
+   * the minimum number of items for its total value. Useful to clean up a location after several gains have piled up.
+   * @param location The location to consolidate
+   * @returns the moves needed to consolidate (deletes for the lower units, creates for the higher units)
+   */
+  consolidate(location: Location<P, L>): ItemMove<P, M, L>[] {
+    this.applyPendingMoves()
+    const localMoney = this.location(l => isEqual(l, location))
+    const total = localMoney.count
+    if (total === 0) return []
+    const target = this.getGainMap(total)
+    const moves: ItemMove<P, M, L>[] = []
+    for (const unit of this.units) {
+      const current = localMoney.id(unit).getQuantity()
+      const delta = target[unit] - current
+      if (delta < 0) {
+        moves.push(localMoney.id(unit).deleteItem(-delta))
+      } else if (delta > 0) {
+        moves.push(localMoney.createItem({ id: unit, location, quantity: delta }))
       }
     }
     this.pendingMoves.push(...moves)
     return moves
   }
 
+  private shouldConsolidateOnGain(amount: number, location: Location<P, L>, option: ConsolidateOption<P, L, Unit> | undefined): boolean {
+    if (!option) return false
+    if (option === true) return true
+    this.applyPendingMoves()
+    const items: MaterialItem<P, L, Unit>[] = this.location(l => isEqual(l, location)).getItems<Unit>().map(item => ({ ...item }))
+    const gainMap = this.getGainMap(amount)
+    for (const unit of this.units) {
+      const qty = gainMap[unit]
+      if (qty <= 0) continue
+      const existing = items.find(item => item.id === unit)
+      if (existing) {
+        existing.quantity = (existing.quantity ?? 1) + qty
+      } else {
+        items.push({ id: unit, location, quantity: qty })
+      }
+    }
+    return option(items)
+  }
+
   /**
    * Return the best way to gain an amount, prioritizing the highest unit values
    * @param amount Amount to gain, default 1
diff --git a/src/tests/MaterialMoney.test.ts b/src/tests/MaterialMoney.test.ts
index 58d706a..3fa6541 100644
--- a/src/tests/MaterialMoney.test.ts
+++ b/src/tests/MaterialMoney.test.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
-import { MaterialItem, MaterialMoney } from '../material'
+import { ConsolidateOption, MaterialItem, MaterialMoney } from '../material'
 
 describe('MaterialMoney', () => {
   describe('getSpendMap', () => {
@@ -24,4 +24,152 @@ describe('MaterialMoney', () => {
       })
     })
   })
+
+  describe('consolidate', () => {
+    it('ne produit aucun mouvement quand la location est vide', () => {
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], [])
+      expect(materialMoney.consolidate({ type: 1 })).toEqual([])
+    })
+
+    it('ne produit aucun mouvement quand la location est déjà minimale', () => {
+      const items: MaterialItem[] = [
+        { id: 5, location: { type: 1 }, quantity: 1 },
+        { id: 1, location: { type: 1 }, quantity: 2 }
+      ]
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], items)
+      expect(materialMoney.consolidate({ type: 1 })).toEqual([])
+    })
+
+    it('échange 5 pièces de 1 contre 1 pièce de 5', () => {
+      const items: MaterialItem[] = [
+        { id: 1, location: { type: 1 }, quantity: 5 }
+      ]
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], items)
+      materialMoney.consolidate({ type: 1 })
+      expect(materialMoney.count).toBe(5)
+      expect(materialMoney.id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(1)
+      expect(materialMoney.id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(0)
+    })
+
+    it('ne consolide que la location ciblée', () => {
+      const items: MaterialItem[] = [
+        { id: 1, location: { type: 1, player: 1 }, quantity: 5 },
+        { id: 1, location: { type: 1, player: 2 }, quantity: 5 }
+      ]
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], items)
+      materialMoney.consolidate({ type: 1, player: 1 })
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 1).id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(1)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 1).id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(0)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 2).id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(5)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('moveMoney', () => {
+    it('échange direct : origine donne 5, cible rend 3', () => {
+      const items: MaterialItem[] = [
+        { id: 5, location: { type: 1, player: 1 }, quantity: 1 },
+        { id: 1, location: { type: 1, player: 2 }, quantity: 3 }
+      ]
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], items)
+      const moves = materialMoney.moveMoney(
+        { type: 1, player: 1 },
+        { type: 1, player: 2 },
+        2
+      )
+      expect(moves).toHaveLength(2)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 1).count).toBe(3)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 1).id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(0)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 1).id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(3)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 2).count).toBe(5)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 2).id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(1)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 2).id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(0)
+    })
+
+    it('finalise la cible en distribution optimale via échange direct', () => {
+      const items: MaterialItem[] = [
+        { id: 5, location: { type: 1, player: 1 }, quantity: 1 },
+        { id: 1, location: { type: 1, player: 2 }, quantity: 4 }
+      ]
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], items)
+      const moves = materialMoney.moveMoney(
+        { type: 1, player: 1 },
+        { type: 1, player: 2 },
+        1
+      )
+      expect(moves).toHaveLength(2)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 1).count).toBe(4)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 1).id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(4)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 2).count).toBe(5)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 2).id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(1)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 2).id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(0)
+    })
+
+    it('fait appel à la banque quand l\'échange direct n\'est pas possible', () => {
+      const items: MaterialItem[] = [
+        { id: 5, location: { type: 1, player: 1 }, quantity: 1 }
+      ]
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], items)
+      materialMoney.moveMoney(
+        { type: 1, player: 1 },
+        { type: 1, player: 2 },
+        2
+      )
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 1).count).toBe(3)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 2).count).toBe(2)
+    })
+
+    it('transfert simple par dénomination identique', () => {
+      const items: MaterialItem[] = [
+        { id: 5, location: { type: 1, player: 1 }, quantity: 2 }
+      ]
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], items)
+      const moves = materialMoney.moveMoney(
+        { type: 1, player: 1 },
+        { type: 1, player: 2 },
+        5
+      )
+      expect(moves).toHaveLength(1)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 1).id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(1)
+      expect(materialMoney.location(l => l.player === 2).id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(1)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('addMoney consolidation', () => {
+    it('ne consolide pas par défaut', () => {
+      const items: MaterialItem[] = [
+        { id: 1, location: { type: 1 }, quantity: 1 }
+      ]
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], items)
+      materialMoney.addMoney(4, { type: 1 })
+      expect(materialMoney.id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(0)
+      expect(materialMoney.id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(5)
+    })
+
+    it('consolide quand consolidate=true', () => {
+      const items: MaterialItem[] = [
+        { id: 1, location: { type: 1 }, quantity: 1 }
+      ]
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], items)
+      materialMoney.addMoney(4, { type: 1 }, { consolidate: true })
+      expect(materialMoney.count).toBe(5)
+      expect(materialMoney.id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(1)
+      expect(materialMoney.id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(0)
+    })
+
+    it('le prédicat ne consolide qu\'au franchissement du seuil', () => {
+      const consolidate: ConsolidateOption = items =>
+        items.reduce((sum, i) => sum + (i.quantity ?? 1), 0) > 4
+      const materialMoney = new MaterialMoney(1, [5, 1], [])
+
+      materialMoney.addMoney(3, { type: 1 }, { consolidate })
+      expect(materialMoney.count).toBe(3)
+      expect(materialMoney.id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(0)
+      expect(materialMoney.id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(3)
+
+      materialMoney.addMoney(3, { type: 1 }, { consolidate })
+      expect(materialMoney.count).toBe(6)
+      expect(materialMoney.id(5).getQuantity()).toBe(1)
+      expect(materialMoney.id(1).getQuantity()).toBe(1)
+    })
+  })
 })