Merge pull request #14038 from alexet/delete-ir

CPP: Add delete/delete[] calls to the IR.

Author: MathiasVP

cpp/ql/lib/change-notes/2023-08-29-delete-ir.md

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+---
+category: minorAnalysis
+---
+* `delete` and `delete[]` are now modeled as calls to the relevant `operator delete` in the IR. In the case of a dynamic delete call a new instruction `VirtualDeleteFunctionAddress` is used to represent a function that dispatches to the correct delete implementation.

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/Opcode.qll

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ private newtype TOpcode =
   TVariableAddress() or
   TFieldAddress() or
   TFunctionAddress() or
+  TVirtualDeleteFunctionAddress() or
   TElementsAddress() or
   TConstant() or
   TStringConstant() or
@@ -887,6 +888,15 @@ module Opcode {
     final override string toString() { result = "FunctionAddress" }
   }
 
+  /**
+   * The `Opcode` for a `VirtualDeleteFunctionAddress`.
+   *
+   * See the `VirtualDeleteFunctionAddressInstruction` documentation for more details.
+   */
+  class VirtualDeleteFunctionAddress extends Opcode, TVirtualDeleteFunctionAddress {
+    final override string toString() { result = "VirtualDeleteFunctionAddress" }
+  }
+
   /**
    * The `Opcode` for a `ConstantInstruction`.
    *

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/aliased_ssa/Instruction.qll

@@ -576,6 +576,22 @@ class FunctionAddressInstruction extends FunctionInstruction {
   FunctionAddressInstruction() { this.getOpcode() instanceof Opcode::FunctionAddress }
 }
 
+/**
+ * An instruction that returns the address of a "virtual" delete function.
+ *
+ * This function, which does not actually exist in the source code, is used to
+ * delete objects of a class with a virtual destructor. In that case the deacllocation
+ * function is selected at runtime based on the dynamic type of the object. So this
+ * function dynamically dispatches to the correct deallocation function.
+ * It also should pass in the required extra arguments to the deallocation function
+ * which may differ dynamically depending on the type of the object.
+ */
+class VirtualDeleteFunctionAddressInstruction extends Instruction {
+  VirtualDeleteFunctionAddressInstruction() {
+    this.getOpcode() instanceof Opcode::VirtualDeleteFunctionAddress
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * An instruction that initializes a parameter of the enclosing function with the value of the
  * corresponding argument passed by the caller.

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/Instruction.qll

@@ -576,6 +576,22 @@ class FunctionAddressInstruction extends FunctionInstruction {
   FunctionAddressInstruction() { this.getOpcode() instanceof Opcode::FunctionAddress }
 }
 
+/**
+ * An instruction that returns the address of a "virtual" delete function.
+ *
+ * This function, which does not actually exist in the source code, is used to
+ * delete objects of a class with a virtual destructor. In that case the deacllocation
+ * function is selected at runtime based on the dynamic type of the object. So this
+ * function dynamically dispatches to the correct deallocation function.
+ * It also should pass in the required extra arguments to the deallocation function
+ * which may differ dynamically depending on the type of the object.
+ */
+class VirtualDeleteFunctionAddressInstruction extends Instruction {
+  VirtualDeleteFunctionAddressInstruction() {
+    this.getOpcode() instanceof Opcode::VirtualDeleteFunctionAddress
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * An instruction that initializes a parameter of the enclosing function with the value of the
  * corresponding argument passed by the caller.

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/SideEffects.qll

@@ -120,23 +120,27 @@ private predicate hasDefaultSideEffect(Call call, ParameterIndex i, boolean buff
 }
 
 /**
- * A `Call` or `NewOrNewArrayExpr`.
+ * A `Call` or `NewOrNewArrayExpr` or `DeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr`.
  *
- * Both kinds of expression invoke a function as part of their evaluation. This class provides a
+ * All kinds of expression invoke a function as part of their evaluation. This class provides a
  * way to treat both kinds of function similarly, and to get the invoked `Function`.
  */
 class CallOrAllocationExpr extends Expr {
   CallOrAllocationExpr() {
     this instanceof Call
     or
     this instanceof NewOrNewArrayExpr
+    or
+    this instanceof DeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr
   }
 
   /** Gets the `Function` invoked by this expression, if known. */
   final Function getTarget() {
     result = this.(Call).getTarget()
     or
     result = this.(NewOrNewArrayExpr).getAllocator()
+    or
+    result = this.(DeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr).getDeallocator()
   }
 }
 

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/TranslatedCall.qll

@@ -350,6 +350,9 @@ class TranslatedCallSideEffects extends TranslatedSideEffects, TTranslatedCallSi
     or
     expr instanceof NewOrNewArrayExpr and
     result = getTranslatedAllocatorCall(expr).getInstruction(CallTag())
+    or
+    expr instanceof DeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr and
+    result = getTranslatedDeleteOrDeleteArray(expr).getInstruction(CallTag())
   }
 }
 

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/TranslatedElement.qll

@@ -77,17 +77,17 @@ private predicate ignoreExprAndDescendants(Expr expr) {
     newExpr.getInitializer().getFullyConverted() = expr
   )
   or
+  exists(DeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr deleteExpr |
+    // Ignore the deallocator call, because we always synthesize it.
+    deleteExpr.getDeallocatorCall() = expr
+  )
+  or
   // Do not translate input/output variables in GNU asm statements
   //  getRealParent(expr) instanceof AsmStmt
   //  or
   ignoreExprAndDescendants(getRealParent(expr)) // recursive case
   or
-  // We do not yet translate destructors properly, so for now we ignore any
-  // custom deallocator call, if present.
-  exists(DeleteExpr deleteExpr | deleteExpr.getDeallocatorCall() = expr)
-  or
-  exists(DeleteArrayExpr deleteArrayExpr | deleteArrayExpr.getDeallocatorCall() = expr)
-  or
+  // va_start doesn't evaluate its argument, so we don't need to translate it.
   exists(BuiltInVarArgsStart vaStartExpr |
     vaStartExpr.getLastNamedParameter().getFullyConverted() = expr
   )
@@ -104,20 +104,19 @@ private predicate ignoreExprOnly(Expr expr) {
     newExpr.getAllocatorCall() = expr
   )
   or
+  exists(DeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr deleteExpr |
+    // Ignore the destructor call as we don't model it yet. Don't ignore
+    // its arguments, though, as they are the arguments to the deallocator.
+    deleteExpr.getDestructorCall() = expr
+  )
+  or
   // The extractor deliberately emits an `ErrorExpr` as the first argument to
   // the allocator call, if any, of a `NewOrNewArrayExpr`. That `ErrorExpr`
   // should not be translated.
   exists(NewOrNewArrayExpr new | expr = new.getAllocatorCall().getArgument(0))
   or
   not translateFunction(getEnclosingFunction(expr)) and
   not Raw::varHasIRFunc(getEnclosingVariable(expr))
-  or
-  // We do not yet translate destructors properly, so for now we ignore the
-  // destructor call. We do, however, translate the expression being
-  // destructed, and that expression can be a child of the destructor call.
-  exists(DeleteExpr deleteExpr | deleteExpr.getDestructorCall() = expr)
-  or
-  exists(DeleteArrayExpr deleteArrayExpr | deleteArrayExpr.getDestructorCall() = expr)
 }
 
 /**

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/raw/internal/TranslatedExpr.qll

@@ -2017,6 +2017,66 @@ TranslatedAllocatorCall getTranslatedAllocatorCall(NewOrNewArrayExpr newExpr) {
   result.getAst() = newExpr
 }
 
+/**
+ * The IR translation of a `delete` or `delete[]`
+ * expression.
+ */
+class TranslatedDeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr extends TranslatedNonConstantExpr, TranslatedCall {
+  override DeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr expr;
+
+  final override Instruction getFirstCallTargetInstruction() {
+    result = this.getInstruction(CallTargetTag())
+  }
+
+  final override Instruction getCallTargetResult() { result = this.getInstruction(CallTargetTag()) }
+
+  override predicate hasInstruction(Opcode opcode, InstructionTag tag, CppType resultType) {
+    TranslatedCall.super.hasInstruction(opcode, tag, resultType)
+    or
+    tag = CallTargetTag() and
+    resultType = getFunctionGLValueType() and
+    if exists(expr.getDeallocator())
+    then opcode instanceof Opcode::FunctionAddress
+    else opcode instanceof Opcode::VirtualDeleteFunctionAddress
+  }
+
+  override Instruction getInstructionSuccessor(InstructionTag tag, EdgeKind kind) {
+    result = TranslatedCall.super.getInstructionSuccessor(tag, kind)
+    or
+    tag = CallTargetTag() and
+    kind instanceof GotoEdge and
+    result = this.getFirstArgumentOrCallInstruction()
+  }
+
+  override Function getInstructionFunction(InstructionTag tag) {
+    tag = CallTargetTag() and result = expr.getDeallocator()
+  }
+
+  final override Type getCallResultType() { result = expr.getType() }
+
+  final override TranslatedExpr getQualifier() { none() }
+
+  final override predicate hasArguments() {
+    // All deallocator calls have at least one argument.
+    any()
+  }
+
+  final override int getNumberOfArguments() {
+    // We ignore the other arguments for now as we would have to synthesize them.
+    result = 1
+  }
+
+  final override TranslatedExpr getArgument(int index) {
+    // The only argument we define is the pointer to be deallocated.
+    index = 0 and
+    result = getTranslatedExpr(expr.getExpr().getFullyConverted())
+  }
+}
+
+TranslatedDeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr getTranslatedDeleteOrDeleteArray(DeleteOrDeleteArrayExpr newExpr) {
+  result.getAst() = newExpr
+}
+
 /**
  * Abstract class implemented by any `TranslatedElement` that has a child
  * expression that is a call to a constructor or destructor, in order to
@@ -2954,78 +3014,6 @@ class TranslatedNewArrayExpr extends TranslatedNewOrNewArrayExpr {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * A placeholder for the translation of a `delete[]` expression.
- *
- * Proper translation is not yet implemented, but this stub implementation
- * ensures that code following a `delete[]` is not unreachable.
- */
-class TranslatedDeleteArrayExprPlaceHolder extends TranslatedSingleInstructionExpr {
-  override DeleteArrayExpr expr;
-
-  final override Instruction getFirstInstruction() {
-    result = this.getOperand().getFirstInstruction()
-  }
-
-  final override TranslatedElement getChild(int id) { id = 0 and result = this.getOperand() }
-
-  final override Instruction getInstructionSuccessor(InstructionTag tag, EdgeKind kind) {
-    tag = OnlyInstructionTag() and
-    result = this.getParent().getChildSuccessor(this) and
-    kind instanceof GotoEdge
-  }
-
-  final override Instruction getChildSuccessor(TranslatedElement child) {
-    child = this.getOperand() and result = this.getInstruction(OnlyInstructionTag())
-  }
-
-  final override Instruction getInstructionRegisterOperand(InstructionTag tag, OperandTag operandTag) {
-    none()
-  }
-
-  final override Opcode getOpcode() { result instanceof Opcode::NoOp }
-
-  private TranslatedExpr getOperand() {
-    result = getTranslatedExpr(expr.getExpr().getFullyConverted())
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * A placeholder for the translation of a `delete` expression.
- *
- * Proper translation is not yet implemented, but this stub implementation
- * ensures that code following a `delete` is not unreachable.
- */
-class TranslatedDeleteExprPlaceHolder extends TranslatedSingleInstructionExpr {
-  override DeleteExpr expr;
-
-  final override Instruction getFirstInstruction() {
-    result = this.getOperand().getFirstInstruction()
-  }
-
-  final override TranslatedElement getChild(int id) { id = 0 and result = this.getOperand() }
-
-  final override Instruction getInstructionSuccessor(InstructionTag tag, EdgeKind kind) {
-    tag = OnlyInstructionTag() and
-    result = this.getParent().getChildSuccessor(this) and
-    kind instanceof GotoEdge
-  }
-
-  final override Instruction getChildSuccessor(TranslatedElement child) {
-    child = this.getOperand() and result = this.getInstruction(OnlyInstructionTag())
-  }
-
-  final override Instruction getInstructionRegisterOperand(InstructionTag tag, OperandTag operandTag) {
-    none()
-  }
-
-  final override Opcode getOpcode() { result instanceof Opcode::NoOp }
-
-  private TranslatedExpr getOperand() {
-    result = getTranslatedExpr(expr.getExpr().getFullyConverted())
-  }
-}
-
 /**
  * The IR translation of a `ConditionDeclExpr`, which represents the value of the declared variable
  * after conversion to `bool` in code such as:

cpp/ql/lib/semmle/code/cpp/ir/implementation/unaliased_ssa/Instruction.qll

@@ -576,6 +576,22 @@ class FunctionAddressInstruction extends FunctionInstruction {
   FunctionAddressInstruction() { this.getOpcode() instanceof Opcode::FunctionAddress }
 }
 
+/**
+ * An instruction that returns the address of a "virtual" delete function.
+ *
+ * This function, which does not actually exist in the source code, is used to
+ * delete objects of a class with a virtual destructor. In that case the deacllocation
+ * function is selected at runtime based on the dynamic type of the object. So this
+ * function dynamically dispatches to the correct deallocation function.
+ * It also should pass in the required extra arguments to the deallocation function
+ * which may differ dynamically depending on the type of the object.
+ */
+class VirtualDeleteFunctionAddressInstruction extends Instruction {
+  VirtualDeleteFunctionAddressInstruction() {
+    this.getOpcode() instanceof Opcode::VirtualDeleteFunctionAddress
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * An instruction that initializes a parameter of the enclosing function with the value of the
  * corresponding argument passed by the caller.