[C++] strptime timestamp parser wraps leap seconds into the next minute #54647

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

Timestamp parsing with a strptime format adds a seconds value of 60 (on Linux also 61) to the time of day, so it wraps into the next minute:

import pyarrow as pa
import pyarrow.compute as pc

for value in ["2020-12-31 23:59:60", "2020-12-31 23:59:61"]:
    try:
        print(pc.strptime(pa.array([value]), format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", unit="s")[0])
    except pa.ArrowInvalid as e:
        print(e)

Output on Linux (pyarrow 27.0.0.dev18):

2021-01-01 00:00:00
2021-01-01 00:00:01

Output on macOS and Windows:

2021-01-01 00:00:00
Failed to parse string: '2020-12-31 23:59:61' as a scalar of type timestamp[s]

Expected is a parse failure, as with the ISO-8601 parser: pa.array(["2020-12-31 23:59:60"]).cast(pa.timestamp("s")) raises ArrowInvalid: Failed to parse string: '2020-12-31 23:59:60' as a scalar of type timestamp[s].

Found while working on #50146.

Component(s)

C++