🚀 Git Complete Learning Guide

📌 What is Git?

Git is a Version Control System (VCS) that keeps track of all updates you make in a project.
It allows you to manage versions, collaborate with others, and revert to previous states safely.

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⚙️ How Git Works

When you initialize Git:

git init -b main

Git creates:

• Your working directory
• A hidden .git folder (stores commit history & tracking info)

Git does not automatically track files.
You must add files to the staging area:

git add filename.ext

Then commit changes:

git commit -m "your message"

View commit history:

git log

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👤 Configure Git User

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "your@email.com"

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📦 Staging & Committing

Add single file:

git add file.ext

Add all files:

git add .

Commit directly (skip manual staging for tracked files):

git commit -a -m "message"

Check differences:

git diff

Remove file from tracking:

git rm --cached file.ext

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🌍 Connect Local Repository to GitHub

git init
git add .
git commit -m "message"
git remote add origin https://github.com/username/repository.git
git branch -M main
git push -u origin main

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🏷️ Git Tags

Tags are version names given to commits.

git tag
git tag -a v1.0 -m "Version 1.0"
git show v1.0
git push origin v1.0

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🌿 Branching

Switch branch:

git checkout branchname
# or
git switch branchname

Create & switch to new branch:

git checkout -b branchname
# or
git switch -b branchname

View branches:

git branch

Delete local branch:

git branch -d branchname

Delete remote branch:

git push origin --delete branchname

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🔀 Merging

git merge feature-branch

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🔁 Rebase

git rebase branchname

Use:

• merge → keep feature history
• rebase → clean linear history

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⚠️ Merge Conflict

Occurs when two branches modify the same line of code.
You must manually choose which changes to keep, then:

git add .
git commit -m "resolved conflict"

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🔄 Pull & Push

Push (local → remote):

git push origin main

Pull (remote → local):

git pull origin main

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🧳 Git Stash

Temporarily save unfinished work:

git stash
git stash list
git stash apply

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🍴 Git Fork

Fork creates a copy of someone else's repository into your GitHub account.
You can modify it freely and later create a Pull Request to contribute changes.

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🔁 Pull Request

After pushing changes to your fork:

1. Go to GitHub
2. Click Pull Requests
3. Select base repository
4. Click Create Pull Request

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